Five patients had been diagnosed with various types of cardiomyopathy, of whom 3 had dilated cardiomyopathy, 1 had chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, and 1 patient had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patients had been diagnosed with a range of anatomical and functional cardiac abnormalities. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 88.2 weeks. Jude Medical, United StatesĬhemotherapy-induced dilated cardiomyopathyĪccolade EL, Boston Scientific, United StatesĬIED, cardiac implantable electronic device BMI, body mass index ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator.Ī)A patient who received concomitant augmentation mammoplasty together with CIED placement.Īll subjects were young and lean female patients with a mean age of 25.9 years (range, 16–38 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 20.1 kg/m 2 (range, 17.44–23.28 kg/m 2). Incepta ICD, Boston Scientific, United StatesĮllipse DR, St. However, several problems have arisen with conventional subcutaneous device insertion in the subclavian area, most notably the conspicuous contour of the pacemaker in the subcutaneous pocket of the anterior chest and/or an often unsightly surgical scar ( Fig.
The clinical use of CIEDs has expanded to include not only middle-age patients with chronic conditions, but also younger patients predisposed to sudden cardiac death. The size of the pulse generators has also decreased over time, making it possible, most notably in pediatric patients, to replace abdominal implantation of an epicardial pacemaker with an endocardial device in the prepectoral or subpectoral space. Over the last few decades, numerous procedural changes have been made in pacemaker implantation, mostly attributable to technological advancements throughout multiple generations of the devices. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are an essential part of cardiologic treatment in high-risk patients with a wide range of structural or functional heart diseases.
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